The study of Sarah-Jane Leslie et al. hypothesize that, across the academic spectrum, women are underrepresented in fields whose practitioners believe that raw, innate talent is the main requirement for success, because women are stereotyped as not possessing such talent.
The analysis of the data suggest that academics who wish to diversify their fields might want to downplay talk of innate intellectual giftedness and instead highlight the importance of sustained effort for top-level success in their field. Such easily implementable
changes would enhance the diversity of many academic fields.

PDF  “Expectations of brilliance underlie gender distributions across academic disciplines”, by Sarah-Jane Leslie, Andrei Cimpian, Meredith Meyer, Edward Freeland, in: Science Magazine, 16 January 2015, Vol. 34, Issue 6219.